Prejudice and Racism All Men are Equal, Unless They Are...

Brian is a young African American male who has been pulled over by the police somewhere between twenty and thirty times and accused of committing a crime. The only problem is, hes never so much as jaywalked across a street. Brian is a hardworking, church-going man who is director of lighting at Black Entertainment Television in Washington, D.C. He has a spotless record. That matters little to the D.C. police. Time after time, the cops would pull Brian over to interrogate him for a recent murder, robbery, or assault. He would be yanked out of his car, thrown to the ground, and held until one of them figured out he was the wrong guy. -Brian Anthony Harris is Not Wanted, by Michael Moore In his 1963 document, Letter From†¦show more content†¦Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. -Martin Luther King Jr., Letter From Birmingham Jail, 1963 The number of American black men in jail is staggering. According to the Justice Policy Institute (JPI), the U.S. currently has 2 million prison inmates, more than half of whom are non-white. The JPIs most recent study reports that the number of people incarcerated for violent crime has doubled, the number of nonviolent offenders has tripled, and the number of people imprisoned for drug offenses has gone up eleven-fold, since 1980. According to the LA Times 1999 Year in Review, American crime rates have fallen, with violent crime at its lowest rate since 1985. Even so, more Americans are incarcerated per-capita than any other country in the world. In fact, Americas non-violent prison population is larger than the combined populations of Wyoming, North Dakota and Alaska (JPI, Americas 1 Million Non-Violent Prisoners). Despite declining crime rates, at the end 1996 there were 193 white American prison inmates per 100,000 whites, 688 Hispanic prison inmates per 100,000 Hispanics and 1,5 71 African American prison inmates per 100,000 African Americans (JPI, Poor Prescription). This means that blacks are now imprisoned at 8 times the rate of whites. In fact, in 1999, 12.3% of Americas black men between the ages of 20 and 39 were in prisonShow MoreRelatedEssay about Racism and Prejudice in America629 Words   |  3 PagesRacism and Prejudice in America Nigger, Spic, Kike, Cracker. Words of hate that resonate throughout the ideals of racism. Society tends to look only at prejudice on the surface. It is easy to ignore the racism that hides below the surface and is part of American life. I’m talking about apathy. It is apathy that keeps the legacy of hate part of American life. I’m not saying that the majority of white America has a KKK robe in their closet and likes to burn crosses. I’m not even saying thatRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a grandsire of you. AriseRead MoreP1 – Explain the Range of Meanings Attached to Citizenship, Diversity and the Associated Terminology1297 Words   |  6 Pagesto citizenship, diversity and the associated terminology Racism Racism is prejudice or discrimination directed against someone of a different race based on such a belief. An example of racism in the public services comes from a news report on channel 4 earlier this year. The report tells how there has 120 racism cases in the Metropolitan Police over the past decade, but only one officer was dismissed as a result. This shows that racism is common in the public services but is not necessarily dealtRead More Affirmative Action and Racial Tension Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesminorities were greatly under represented in universities and respectable professions. Unless one was racist, most agreed with the need of affirmative action in college admissions and in the workplace. Society needed an active law that enforced equality during a period when civil rights bills were only effective in ink. With so much of America ¹s work force spawned from integrated schools now, some may question whether racism really is the problem anymore, and many college s tudents might answer yes. TheyRead MoreSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Physical And Mental Differences1216 Words   |  5 Pageswoven into American history and racism can never be eradicated without understanding that ‘race matters’ in everything that most people consider to be American† (Larkin, Para. 20). Race refers to the biological characteristics by which one is born. We will be examining Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics as we further discuss race. Race plays a huge role in education, income, wealth, and life opportunities. Race produces prejudice, stereotyping, and social minority. â€Å"Prejudice is an unfair and establishedRead MoreA Blue Dress By Walter Mosley1145 Words   |  5 Pagesexplores the racial prejudices in Los Angeles during the 1940’s. The novel takes place in 1948, when the United States was still legally segregated into black and white communities and when people divided themselves into lower and upper classes. Easy Rawlins , the main character in the book, is an ordinary lower class African American worker, who faces limited opportunities and little money to live on. Throughout the novel, Easy Rawlins experiences firsthand the blatant racism prevailing in 1948.Read MorePrejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essays1381 Words   |  6 PagesPrejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Works Cited Missing In todays society men, women and children experience prejudice in their lives, either as victims themselves or being guilty of using prejudice towards others due to differences between them. Prejudice is a preconception of a person based on stereotypes without real facts and discriminationRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird: the Theme of Prejudice Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill A Mockingbird: The Theme of Prejudice The theme of prejudice in To Kill A Mockingbird is much more than just a case of black and white. The entire novel is about prejudice in its many forms, the most prominent case of prejudice is the racism and hate between the blacks and whites. The whole town of Maycomb is based on stereotypes of its inhabitants, that are passed down from generation to generation. Rumors run rampid and very little truth is usually in them. So Jem received mostRead MorePrejudice as Seen in Harper Lees to Kill a Mockingbird and Through the Movie Gattaca1434 Words   |  6 PagesAll throughout history, prejudice has been a part of society. Discrimination and intolerance are built into human nature. Less than 100 years ago, Blacks were still in the bonds of slavery. However, Blacks were not the only ethnical group that was ever mistreated. During the First World War, Germans in the United States were looked down upon by nearly all of the other citizens. Only a few years later, during World War II, the Japanese that happened to be in America were put into camps due to theRead MoreLetter From A Birmingham Jail And Barack Obama s A More Perfect Union1304 Words   |  6 PagesJail was Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere...Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. I really thought that this was a very powerful statement and one that makes absolute sense. Barack Obama also stated something very s imilar in his A More Perfect Union speech stating the following ...I believe deeply that we cannot solve the challenges of our time unless we solve them together... Today racial inequality is ongoing whether you are aware of it or not. We have

Alice in Wonderland Wordplay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 503 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Personification, pun, syntax, and diction, these are some of the different devices of wordplay that authors use. Authors use wordplay for many different reasons. They use it to poke fun at the weaknesses and problems of the society; they also use it to make their literature more fun, and interesting. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alice in Wonderland Wordplay" essay for you Create order Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll is an example of a book that also serves as a satire. Lewis Carroll was born and raised in England during the time of Queen Victoria. In that time, and also in the book, there were two social classes, the elites, and the commoners. The elites would be the Queen of Hearts, the King, and also the Duchess. The commoners would be the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, and most of the other characters you meet along they way in the book. One example of it being a satire is on page 79. â€Å"‘And who are THESE? ’ said the Queen, pointing to the three gardeners who were lying round the rose tree; for, you see, as they were lying on their faces, and the pattern on their backs was the same as the rest of the pack, she could not tell whether they were gardeners, or soldiers, or courtiers, or three of her own children. This scene is showing how people didn’t judge other people by their character or personality, but rather by their title or social status. The Queen couldn’t recognize them without seeing their suits. Many other authors use this to express their opinions about an issue in society. Some examples are To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. To Kill a Mockingbird, is a satire because it tells the authors point of view on the issues of racism through Scout, the main characters, point of view. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a satire because it shows the authors view of slavery, through the adventure that Huck and Jim go on. Another reason that authors use wordplay is to make their literature more fun and interesting. Lewis Carroll uses a lot of different types of wordplay in all his literature. In the book Alice in Wonderland alone, Carroll uses, puns, diction, parodies, personification, alliteration, lexicon, assonance, repetition, syntax, and satire. These devices make the reader want to keep reading. They also keep the reader interested because of mixing up the way they use language, instead of it just being boring. Many other authors use wordplay. Dr Seuss uses different types of wordplay in his books. He uses wordplay that appeals to a younger audience, while Carroll appeals to an older audience. The way an author uses wordplay changes the tone, and mood of the piece of literature. It is a creative way to add fun to the book, and make it more interesting. It can also be used to show the weakness and issues in society. Whatever way it’s used, it creates a unique piece of literature that keeps the reader wanting more.

Differences Between Hinduism And Islam - 924 Words

Hinduism and Islam are two of the world’s great religions however, they differ in many regards including their beliefs in god, their ethical beliefs and the afterlife in fact, it would be quite difficult to find to two religions more different then Islam and Hinduism. One major difference is in their belief in god, Muslims are steadfastly monotheistic where Hindus are very much polytheistic. Another key difference is their views on the afterlife Hindus believe in reincarnation, whereas Muslims believe in a heaven and a hell with the faithful going to heaven and the evil going to hell. The two religions also differ in the their ethical beliefs where Hindus follow the Law of Manu and Muslims turn to the Quran for their ethical guidance (Hopfe Woodward, 2012). While both Islam and Hinduism advocate for a better overall person amongst it believers, they have vastly different approaches to achieve this result Muslims and Hindus have differing views on god. Muslims are monotheistic , they believe that one god, who they refer to as Allah, created the universe and all things within it. Furthermore Muslims believe that Allah is the only being worthy of worship and that he created mankind for the sole purpose of worshiping him (www.whyislam.org, 2015) Muslims also distain any representation of their gods and prophets. This is in stark contrast to Hindus who worship many gods and are wholly polytheistic. Hindus find release from life by committing their religious attention to one orShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Islam And Hinduism1280 Words   |  6 Pages Islam and Hinduism are both very large, popular world religions. Although the two religions have some common ground, there are many distinct differences between the two religions. Many of the differences are centered around two major beliefs. The two major beliefs are the means of salvation and the number of Gods the followers of the religions worship and believe in. Religions often answer questions about spiritual life. A question that is often asked is, â€Å"What happens after death?† Many peopleRead MoreDifferences Between Hinduism And Islam925 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality within human culture can have a wide variety of definitions and as human beings on a cultural level differences in â€Å"Appropriate† and â€Å"Inappropriate† sexuality can differ. The Hindu and Muslim traditions and ethics will be examined in this essay. Although there are very similar views between Hinduism and Islam the reasoning behind these, views differ due to the fact that basic key concepts of these faiths differ so tremendously. Although at a superficial glance the ethical viewpoints ofRead MoreAnalysis of Hinduism and Islam651 Words   |  3 Pages Amongst the various religions practice are Islam and Hinduism. Both of these religions are widely practiced by people who believe in the same ideals or concepts. These separate religions are similar to one another, but also contrasting. Common themes can be found between Hinduism and Islam, but the differences are predominant as well. Those who practice Islam are typically Arabic and are called Muslim’s. This practice is based off of the text called the Qur’an. The Qur’an is a bible of sorts toRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a â€Å"complete and final revelation†. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. Judaism is founded by Abraham, and it is the base from which both of the other two religions.While Hinduism focuses on one ultimate being of onenessRead MoreMatriarchy and Patriarchy in Todays World1585 Words   |  7 PagesMosuo people of China are one of the few remaining societies that don’t consider a gender superior over the other but their wome n are seen as being more prestigious than their men and that may make the Mosuo a matriarch. Without a doubt, the differences between Hindu, Islamic, and Mosuo views on a superior gender are impacted by their different religions, and cultural beliefs. According to the U.S. History in Context attained from the University of Miami Otto G. Richter Library, a patriarchy is â€Å"aRead MoreReligion : Hinduism, Islam, And Christianity1079 Words   |  5 Pagesworship and to follow their practices. A few of the main religions over time have been Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. These three religions consist of ideas and practices that may be very different, but are made up of the same general idea expressed in a new form. Although their main differences, each religion seeks one thing, and that s an afterlife. Most religions are made up of a god or many gods. Hinduism is considered a polytheistic religion, which means more than one god. Hindu beliefs,Read MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words   |  5 Pagestheir specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is supposedly of the lineage of Jesus Christ. Both religions consider Abraham the father of the peopleRead MoreCompare and Contrast: Hinduism and Islam Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesReligion: Hinduism and Islam Every society is based on different religion. Different people follow different types of religion according to their birth or by choice. The major religions of the world are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Judaism. Each religion is similar and different from one another in terms of festivals, practices and beliefs. Apart from Christianity, Hinduism and Islam are the two most widely practiced religions in the world today. They have their own traditionsRead MoreEven Though They Have Close Relations, There Exist Many990 Words   |  4 Pages Even though they have close relations, there exist many differences between Islam and Hinduism. Both religions existed near each other, and still do to this day. The term Hinduism actually comes from the word Hindu, which meant not Muslim in Arabic. While both religions might have originated out of the same area, their belief systems are nearly opposites of each other. Muslims believe in a pantheon of gods, so to speak. The li st of the Hindu gods is nearly never-ending, with each god having multipleRead MoreEssay about Marriage Rituals Hinduism and Muslim1169 Words   |  5 Pagesevent in contemporary society. It is a means of building new bonds between two individuals and their subsequent families. The foundations of memorable weddings are built on those that bring often-distant family and friends together for the occasion, while dressed in their most sophisticated attire, surrounded by elegant flowers, a night of dancing, captured through the lens of an exceptional photographer. Although Hinduism and Islam are two extremely distinctive religions, their matrimonial customs

Invictus And Antigone - 844 Words

â€Å"What people say you cannot do, you try and find out that you can.† - Henry David Thoreau. The poem,12b â€Å"Invictus†,12d tells the story of a man faced with many difficult challenges but always showed perseverance. *While the other poem, â€Å"If We Must Die†,12d by Claude McKay, 12d references the civil rights movement and repeats throughout that if one dies they should die honorably for a cause they support. Both poems are similar to the play Antigone, which retells the myth of a young woman in Ancient Greece, faced with challenging man’s law to uphold God’s law. The poem, â€Å"Invictus†,12d by William Ernest Henley,12d relates more to the play, Antigone,12d by Sophocles,12d due to the common theme of perseverance and the personal tone throughout†¦show more content†¦This tells the reader no matter the challenge one decides whether they succeed or fail. In brief, 12b Antigone and â€Å"Invictus relate through their chara cters facing difficult challenges. *In like manner,12b Sophocles and Henley adopt a personal tone to appeal to the reader in both pieces. Henley approaches this in a more direct fashion,12b by using first person to describe his challenges and how he persevered through. In the second stanza,12b William describes one of these challenges, â€Å"My head is bloody, but unbowed.† (8). This is a compelling verse in the poem that shows the challenge was brutal,12a but Henley was unconquerable. On the flip note, 12b Sophocles develops this tone through family struggles. In the play’s prologue, 12b Sophocles writes, â€Å"He is my brother. And he is your brother too.† (line 33). Here Antigone plans to bury their brother Polyneices, but Ismene is afraid because the law forbids this. This shows not only the loss of family but the tension amongst the living relatives. William also creates this tone through his symbolism. He describes a dark night that covers him in lines one and two, which is really describi ng the hardships he went through when losing his leg. *In essence, 12b both authors use the personal tone to appeal to the readers and deliver their message. *In contrast,12b â€Å"If We Must Die†, by Claude McKay, relates to Antigone through the usage of symbolism. All three works of literature use symbolism, but McKay and SophoclesShow MoreRelatedThe Moon Is Down By John Steinbeck And Antigone : An Analysis992 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, dealing with human rights, violence, money, and people. One person can generate a change that makes a difference. In The Moon is Down by John Steinbeck and Antigone by Sophocles, Mayor Orden, Antigone, and Alex all have the determination to make that change and carry it out until their rights are established. Also, in the poem â€Å"Invictus† the message it sends people provides them with the strength to never give up and to be the start of a better future. The human spirit drives people’s confidence

Optimisation of Logistics Operations Using Gps Technology Solutions” free essay sample

In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system. CASE STUDY done by Dr ROULA MICHAELIDES, Dr ZENON MICHAELIDES and Dr DIMITRIOS NICOLAOU named â€Å"OPTIMISATION OF LOGISTICS OPERATIONS USING GPS TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS† presented focuses on development of an integrated GPS/portal solution with an objective of enhancing control and visibility over inland transport thus improving customer service through the application of next generation information systems, utility computing and web-services. In case showed it that Mobile technology such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Geography Information Systems (GIS) coupled with advanced Internet solutions provide transparency and more specific information to supply chain collaborators in terms of instant localization and traceability of shipments and delivery status. Risks inherent with implementing new logistics systems are lowered by using mobile technology. The impact of these mobile technologies is more prevalent in contemporary sophisticated logistics which include multi-tiered suppliers and manufacturers that are globally dispersed. We will write a custom essay sample on Optimisation of Logistics Operations Using Gps Technology Solutions† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That paper describes a scalable web-based tracking system, leveraging leading edge technologies and adopting best practice to provide real-time order status visibility to carriers, hauliers and their customers alike. In case writer’s mention that according to Montragon et al (2009), mobile systems for vehicle tracking also known as telemetric will represent an industry worth $41 billion USD by the end of the first decade of the 21st century (Bisdikian et al, 2002). The objective of this research has been to align operational and mobile information system models in a manner to meet the demands of transport companies. The main aim is to maximize their profits by reducing lead-time from ordering to fulfillment, and decreasing operational costs resulting from an inability to adapt easily with changeable consumer needs. At literature it concentrated on refinement of mobile enabled tracking solutions in the transport industry. More specifically, the benefits of the new telemetric solution are demonstrated on the container transport industry and how information transparency and sharing across the extended global supply chain is the new competitive basis for supply chains. Problem is tracking an aggregated bulk consignment of goods/raw materials transported within a container, visibility between the shipping customer and haulier becomes elusive. Another interesting problem statement involves the use of GPS technology which is established in mobile communications but has yet to be proved in increasing visibility in extended global supply chains. The challenge therefore is not only to introduce a technical solution but to also establish a user-centric business model that involves all stakeholders such as the truck drivers as the key information initiators. Finally, if VTS have been available mostly in the small goods delivery service, GPS that seamlessly integrate with differing multi-format systems for information exchange across shipping and haulage companies are still rare. From case it found that companies needs a simple and efficient way to track containers and to gain visibility to job status thus allowing vehicle schedules and routes to be re-planned in real time while the vehicle is on the road, so Real-time tracking system became important in logistic and shipping agency. Real time tracking is a mobile GPS tracking telemetric system and a web portal was developed to address the issues faced by haulier and Shipping Company. By using Real time tracking user can see the location of the vehicle on a map and because the tracking is linked to the order the system can also provide the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) at the delivery location. It assumes that the user can see the location of the vehicle on a map and because the tracking is linked to the order the system can also provide the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) at the delivery location. This makes the information available without the traditional delay of waiting for the driver to return to the depot. In case it suggests that it is possible to develop real time tracking e-solutions for the transport industry that not only improve internal operational efficiency but also extend visibility to supply chain partners and clients thus achieving an integrated solution. It also makes available on-line across the whole supply chain and provides retrieval of historic PoDs for query resolution. Real time tracing system can save paper cost, will improved communication with drivers and company. The devices used in the cabs are also mobile phones with an integrated camera which can be used to record damage in support of any claims. Writer found some facts which will be beneficial for a logistics and shipping company in case. These are state bellow: Benefit Company Web-enablement and GPS mobile tracking is key to consignment information sharing and delivery confirmation Carrier and haulier Connectivity enabled by XML interoperability utilities seamlessly aggregate information from customer-order processing systems with the haulier and the shipping line back-office system. Carrier and haulier Defect reporting improves the road worthiness standards of the vehicles as drivers could demonstrate their compliance through the wireless device during random enforcement road checks by the Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA). Haulier Cost savings by reducing empty miles travelling Haulier The transport managers can focus on driver staff and business issues, such as individual performance, optimal procedures, and new customer services, rather than routinely calling drivers to manually establish their job location, status and schedule. Haulier Real time confirmation of proof of delivery leads to reduction of customer queries. Carrier and haulier The deployed portable in-cab solution is easily transferable to another truck which is in line with the transport industry trend of frequently replacing trucks. Haulier Improvement of customer / supplier relationship through competitive job pricing: The haulier job is priced on an assumption that the container will be unpacked and unloaded in 3 hours in a distribution centre or plant before more charges are Haulier Through this writer’s empirical study the benefits of using GPS vehicle tracking and integration portal technologies within the context of the transport container industry have been demonstrated. Transport practices are influenced by regulatory and global economic environments, available company infrastructure and competition with other supply chains. Limitation of study: Case study named OPTIMISATION OF LOGISTICS OPERATIONS USING GPS TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS limitation was that it was based on a single case study in a single industry.

Professional Report Criminalizing Hacking

Questions: Discuss about the Professional Report Criminalizing Hacking Should be Encouraged to Enhance their skills. Answers: Introduction The following topic deals with how Hacking can be used as a medium to help others rather than destroying the lives of others. The world today is fully digitalized. The most frightening thing that anyone can dream of in this world is someone stealing away all his/her data with a blink of an eye over the internet. Hacking is defined as breaking into the personal space of individual without their consent. It can be used either to help humankind or to bring the world to its knees (Taylor et al. 2014). There are many forms of hacking but the most common are the White Hats and Black Hats which are basically two sides of a coin. Ethical hackers are the ones who work for government and maintain their sites and protect others from sniffing (Trabelsi and Ibrahim 2013) (Behera and Dash 2015). Black hats are the ones who try to get into the system to steal the data like banks and government sites. Hacking was first used to find the flaws or vulnerabilities, while setting up a system but later it tuned to harm others (Berger and Jones 2016). There are many instances where hacking is meant to destroy an organization but also there are many instances where hacking is used to counterpart that. Hacking Hacking is a process in which someone tries to access computers or networks without any authorization. Hacking is the attempt to coup a computer system or a private network (Behera and Dash 2015). The term Hacker is referred to a person who is having a deep knowledge about computers and who uses this skill to commit any crime which often damages organizations or spread viruses or even can cause financial loss (Taylor et al. 2014). They are highly skilled people as it takes a lot of talent to cease a system than to create it. A hacker tries to get inside a system by using that systems vulnerabilities as its main course of weapon. Figure: Classifications of Hackings (Source: Berger, H. and Jones, A., 2016) Ethical Hacking Ethical Hacking is usually performed by an individual or group of people who helps the government or an organization to find the flaws or limitations which could have been bypassed (Berger and Jones 2016). Ethical hackers help the government or any organization to protect its data from any outer source (Prasad 2014). Reasons to Enhance Ethical Hacking Ethical hacking can be advantageous in various forms. The advantages of ethical hacking are- Hackers are defined as the person, who digs out information in a form or the other (Behera and Dash 2015). The most advantageous factor of hacking is that it helps us to get great protection form thefts. Thefts are very common now a day and they can happen online as well as offline. Hackers steal information (Regalad et al. 2015). If an organization is planning to be secure from the theft of their information then they can schedule regular ethical hacking exercise to find out whether there is any flaw in their system. This reduces the vulnerability of their system and makes it secure form the outside hackers (Prasad 2014). Hacking is responsible for the growth of bugs in the software thus making the software weak (Verma and Pathak 2014). This in turn, can be used to make the software even more powerful and less relevant to bugs and viruses. Thus, an organization can ask a professional hacker to test hacking the software to test if the software is strong enough. Hacking can help a nation to be secure. A nation can spy or monitor the activities of other nation to be ready for any type of ill- action by the opponent nation (Juneja 2013). This way hacking can be helpful to get early information about the activities of any country and thus it can be very helpful to increase the security of any nation (Engebretson 2013). Today we have so many anti-virus applications to fix our pc, laptop and various other devices if viruses or worms (Trabelsi and Ibrahim 2013) attack them. This is the result of hacking as the companies today are aware of the level of hacking and thus they manufacture even strong anti-viruses to keep the device secured from the attack of viruses (Juneja 2013). Being good at hacking can help a person be excellent at programming as hackers are said to be outstanding programmers. If a person or a student is aware of the security threats and weakness, that hacking can cause to the system then it will be very helpful to enhance his/her programming skills (Verma and Pathak 2014). Hacking can be helpful to get protection from the lawsuits. Lawsuit is a claim brought to law for adjudication. With the help of ethical hacking, such lawsuits can be prevented. The advancements of computers has increased due to hacking as the softwares are made powerful enough to kill the bugs and thus they are more useful (Regalad et al. 2015). Hacking is stealing sensitive information from an organization. A country can make its information more secure and safe if regular hacking test is done to check whether the information is safe from the hackers and attackers of other nations (Trabelsi 2016). Ethical hackers who work as the security professionals, they keep on checking their system and network using the same tool that a hacker may use against the network or to compromise the network (Jones 2015). Unethical Hacking Unethical hacking is the type of hacking done with malicious intentions. Hackers often use this tier of hacking to break into systems or networks to steal confidential data, money or to plant a virus or worm, which can seriously affect the system and in extreme cases. It may collapse the whole system or network (Behera and Dash 2015). The person who performs this act is often called the Cracker who is described as the malicious meddlers who sniffs into the computer to steal the data. Types of Hackers There are seven categories of hackers. They are Figure: Classifications of Hackers (Source: Prasad 2014). Script Kiddie Script kiddies are the ones who have less information about hacking, all they do is just copy a used code and make a virus out of it or and SQL injection. They do not code from their own, they just download the used code or software (Metasploit) and refer to some YouTube video on how to use that. They are mainly famous for doing DoS or DDos attacks which floods an IP with numerous request, which collapses a server (Prasad 2014). White Hat These are known as Ethical Hackers who usually work for an organization or government and help them find any flaws (Chowdappa, Lakshmi and Kumar 2014). Black Hat They are known as Crackers and they hack into the computer systems or networks to make the lives of common people more difficult. Their main intention is to steal money, data or even some confidential data. Grey Hat These are the type of hackers, who are not black hats but still they do not work with any government or organization (Regalado et al. 2015). Green Hat These are the hackers who are in their beginning stage where they care about hacking and even dream of becoming a renowned hacker. They mostly spend their time in the community learning from the professionals. Red Hat These are similar to white hats as they try to put an end on the black hats but they are too frightened to do as on those who are in this field for a long time. Instead of reporting, they shut down the computers by uploading a virus or by the means of DoS. They cannot perform any penetration testing on any computers (Chowdappa, Lakshmi and Kumar 2014). Blue Hat Unlike the script kiddie, they are only focused on taking revenge on those who means harm to them (Prasad 2014). Unethical Hacking example Twenty thousand internal emails were leaked due to an attack in the Democratic National Committees server on the eve of Democratic convention. In a separate attack, Democratic Lawmakers mobile phone number and other personal information was leaked from the committee of Democratic Congressional Campaign (Ft.com 2017). A group goes by the name Hackappcom breached the security of Apple iCloud and leaked all the sensitive photos of celebrities and spreading it all over the internet. It was performed by using a key which all users had to enter that and by entering that, they were made victims and the hackers gained their access to all the Apple products like the iCloud, iBook and many more (Ft.com 2017). Another instance is the hacking of the European Commission where they all got the mail that they are under attack and after that for several hours; the internet was down (Eder and Eder 2017). The biggest of threats that have been reported till date is that attack of Mirai malware. It spreads to all the unprotected devices if any like the web cameras, routers, phones and modems and turn them into bots which can do anything the hacker wishes to. The hack conducted was the DDoS attack. In this type of attack, the server is flooded with multiple requests hence it forces to shut it down. The attack conducted took 620 gigabytes of data every second from all parts of the world (Mail Online 2017). The first appearance of ZeroAccess rootkit made its way in the year 2011 infecting about ten million computer systems worldwide. The main purpose of the root kit was to target a computer system remotely, infecting it with the virus in order to control them from far away. It was designed so cleverly that the trace of the attack is still unknown. After the rootkit affected it, botnet would have been installed on that system. About 1.9 millions computers were affected by the year 2013. The main way of attacking using the botnet was by DDoS attacks in which the victim computer is flooded with several requests, which put the system out of service. Still some components of the rootkit are operational and are still affecting many computers worldwide. Live example There are numerous examples where ethical hacking was of great help in enhancement of the security. Such examples are- The United States Air Pressure used ethical hacking and conducted a security analysis of an operating system. In that process, they were to check the flaws in the software such as faulty software program, vulnerable program and procedural security. It was kept in mind that even a relatively low degree of attempt, the intruder might fly away with the precious information and their security might get bypassed. Moral hacking could stop such thing. The person who was in-charge of this job (a hacker), treated the system as if he was the actual enemy of the organization and he tried every possible way he could to break the systems security and to interrupt the system. This way the systems security could be judged. At Philadelphedia U.S.A, in the year 2014, Heartbleed flaw was a defect in the openSSC cryptography, which was discovered by an ethical hacker Neel Metha who worked for Googles security team. Jack Whittion of U.K, in the year 2013 found out a bug in the system of facebook that would let any generous hacker with a phone to take over users account. He discovered it when facebook invited him to find the flaws in their system. Jared DeMott of Michigan, U.S.A was awarded third in the blue hat competition arranged by Microsoft. He was rewarded because he found out bugs in the coding done by Microsoft experts and also bypassed all of their security measures. This is a great task done by him as it asks a lot of talent to bypass the coding done by experts. Conclusion Hence, from the above discussion it can be said that enriching ethical hacking can be very fruitful if chances are given. Hacking is very powerful tool if used positively as it can help an organization know about the flaws and limitations in their security systems and to secure the system. Hacking must not be treated as a criminal offense but it should be brought up positively and hackers should be encouraged to become the white hat hackers as they can be of great help to a particular organization as well as the whole nation. Several examples have come up which prove that hacking can be beneficial and it should not be treated as a criminal activity. References: Behera, M.P.C. and Dash, M.C., 2015. 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